The Scribblings of Samuel Baughn: Extinct elephantimorphs in GURPS

The ancestors and relatives of modern elephants all had a similar body plan: a rotund torso, four pillar-like legs, a relatively small tail, and a large head with a flexible trunk. Most of them were more heavily built than elephants. They varied in size and preferred habitat, but the most obvious difference between them were in their teeth. Although palaeontologists tend to concentrate on the molars, what stands out to the layman is the often bizarre forms of their tusks (enlarged incisors which project forward from the mouth).

Mastodon by Charles R. Knight (1897).

Although it is difficult to be sure about the behaviour of long-extinct animals, most experts believe that they had similar lifestyles to elephants. That means they were intelligent, social animals which gathered in family groups or herds, wandered long distances without claiming territory, and ate a wide variety of plants. Modern elephants herds are generally single-sex, although female herds include young males and may have an 'attached' adult male who travels with them for a time, and bulls are sometimes solitary. Older elephants take leadership roles, with female herds usually led by a matriarch, while male ones have a somewhat looser structure. These details are likely to have been different in at least some extinct species, but it is impossible to tell for sure.

Sexual Dimorphism

Male elephants grow significantly larger than females, and have proportionately bigger tusks. It is assumed that their extinct relatives had similar differences, although it is often hard to confirm this from their remains. The full profiles below represent males, with rules for females presented in the options below.

Mature bull elephants periodically experience a state known as musth, where their levels of testosterone rise dramatically. In GURPS terms, this would result in them occasionally suffering from Bad Temper and Lecherousness. It isn't clear exactly when musth evolved, but hormones preserved in mammoth tusks indicate they had it, and it may have affected the entire proboscidean order.

Gomphotheres

One of the earliest members of its group, Gomphotherium had four tusks, with the lower ones growing close together and the upper ones curving away from each other. It evolved in Africa around the start of the Miocene. From there it spread through Eurasia, reaching North America by the middle Miocene. It went extinct in Europe by the late Miocene, but survived in North America until the start of the Pliocene. The genus includes numerous species, most of them fairly similar, although the Eurasian species G. steinheimense was notably larger than others.

Gomphotherium by Charles R. Knight (1901).

Some later gomphotheres lost their lower tusks while the upper ones got larger. Stegomastodon had strongly curved tusks and lived in North America from the middle Pliocene to the early Pleistocene. Cuvieronius had long tusks and lived in the Americas during the Pleistocene. Notiomastodon had short tusks and lived in South America from the middle Pleistocene to the early Holocene. Anancus had very long, straight tusks and lived in Africa and Eurasia from the late Miocene to the early Pleistocene.

Others evolved flat, shovel-shaped lower tusks, which appear to have been used for digging, scraping, and scooping up water plants. Tetralophodon lived in Africa and Eurasia during the Miocene and may have been the ancestor of Anancus. It had long upper tusks and short lower ones. The Ambelodontid family all had short upper tusks and large, flat lower ones. Amebelodon fricki lived in the Great Plains of North America during the late Miocene. It was preceded by the smaller A. floridanus, which lived along the Gulf Coast. The closely related Konobelodon also lived during the late Miocene, with a range stretching from North America, across Eurasia, and into North Africa. Another shovel-tusker, Platybelodon, lived in Eurasia during the middle Miocene and had a spoon-shaped lower jaw.

Gomphotherium angustidens

ST 43; DX 11; IQ 5; HT 12.
HP 43; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 4.
SM +3 (4 hexes), 10,000 lbs.

Trample (11): 5d−1 crushing. Against SM +1 or less.
Trunk (11): 2d−1 crushing. Reach C-2.
Tusks (11): 5d+4 crushing. Reach 1. Front only.

Traits: Bad Sight (Low Resolution); Discriminatory Smell; DR 4 (Tough Skin); Enhanced Move 1 (Ground Speed 8); Extra-Flexible Arm; Extra Legs (Four Legs); Ham-Fisted 2; Night Vision 2; No Depth Perception; One Arm; Peripheral Vision; Subsonic Hearing; Weak Arm (½ ST); Wild Animal.
Skills: Navigation (Land)-12; Survival (Woodlands)-12; Swimming-12.

Female G. angustidens (6,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 36 (damage 4d with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 4d+4 with tusks). G. steinheimense males (15,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 49 (damage 5d+2 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 5d+7 with tusks), SM to +4 (9 hexes), trunk reach to C-3, and DR to 5. Females (9,000 lbs.) decrease ST and HP to 42 (damage 4d+2 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 4d+6 with tusks).

Stegomastodon uses the same profile as G. angustidens.

Cuvieronius males (7,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 39 (damage 4d+1 with trample, 2d−2 with trunk, 4d+5 with tusks) and increase tusk reach to 1, 2. Females (4,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 33 (damage 3d+2 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 3d+5 with tusks) and DR to 3.

Notiomastodon males (14,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 48 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks) and DR to 5. Females (8,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 41 (damage 4d+2 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 4d+6 with tusks).

Anancus males (12,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 46 (damage 5d with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+5 with tusks), tusk reach to 1-3, and DR to 5. Females (7,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 39 (damage 4d+1 with trample, 2d−2 with trunk, 4d+5 with tusks) and increase tusk reach to 1, 2.

Tetralophodon males (22,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 56 (damage 6d+1 with trample, 3d−2 with trunk, 6d+7 with tusks), SM to +4 (10 hexes), tusk reach to 1, 2. and DR to 6. Females (13,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 47 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks). and DR to 5.

Amebelodon fricki males (18,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 52 (damage 6d−1 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 6d+5 with tusks), SM to +4 (9 hexes), trunk reach to C-3, and DR to 5. Females (11,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 44 (damage 5d−1 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 5d+4 with tusks). A. floridanus males (5,000 lbs.) decrease ST and HP to 34 (damage 3d+2 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 3d+5 with tusks) and DR to 3. Females (3,000 lbs.) decrease ST and HP to 29 (damage 3d with trample, 1d with trunk, 3d+3 with tusks), SM to +2 (3 hexes), trunk reach to C, 1, and DR to 3.

Konobelodon males (16,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 50 (damage 5d+2 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 5d+7 with tusks), SM to +4 (9 hexes), trunk reach to C-3, and DR to 5. Females (10,000 lbs.) use the same profile as male G. angustidens.

Platybelodon males (8,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 40 (damage 4d+1 with trample, 2d−2 with trunk, 4d+5 with tusks). Females (5,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 34 (damage 3d+2 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 3d+5 with tusks), SM to +2 (3 hexes), and DR to 3.

Mammoths

The woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, is among the most famous of ice-age animals. It resembled its living relative, the Asian elephant, in general outline, although it was larger and had proportionately smaller ears, shorter legs and tail, and much larger and more curved tusks. The bulge on top of its head was more pronounced, as was the hump above its shoulders which made the back slope down towards the hindquarters. Of course, the most obvious difference was the one which led to its popular name; the heavy coat of fur.

Mammoths by Charles R. Knight (1916).

M. primigenius roamed the mammoth steppe which stretched across Europe and Northern Asia during the middle Pleistocene. During the late Pleistocene they crossed the Bering land bridge into North America. Their population began to decline at the end of the Pleistocene, disappearing from Europe by the early Holocene and dwindling to a few isolated populations in Alaska and Siberia which eventually disappeared in the middle Holocene. These last mammoths were stunted and inbred due to being trapped on islands too small to maintain a healthy population.

The first mammoth was M. subplanifrons which emerged in South-East Africa in the late Miocene. These were probably no more hairy than elephants. By the late Pliocene, the only African mammoths were M. africanavus from the North of the continent, which died out in the early Pleistocene. However, mammoths had crossed the Sinai peninsula and the species M. rumanus spread through Europe and Asia during the late Pliocene. They evolved into the Southern mammoth, M. meridionalis. An isolated population of Southern mammoths on the island of Crete evolved into a dwarf species, M. creticus during the early to middle Pleistocene.

The ‘steppe mammoth’ M. trogontherii appeared in East Asia during the early Pleistocene and gradually spread across Eurasia and into North America, replacing the Southern mammoth by the middle Pleistocene. The steppe mammoth was the first mammoth adapted to cold climates and probably the first to be covered in thick fur. It evolved into the woolly mammoth, the late Pleistocene Sardinian dwarf mammoth, M. lamarmorai, and the Columbian mammoth, M. columbi, which inhabited North America from the middle Pleistocene until the end of the Pleistocene. They occupied warmer regions and were probably less hairy than woolly mammoths. An isolated population of Columbian mammoths on the California channel islands evolved into pygmy mammoths, M. exillis, which also went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

Mammuthus primigenius

ST 47; DX 11; IQ 5; HT 12.
HP 47; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 4.
SM +3 (4 hexes), 13,000 lbs.

Trample (11): 5d+1 crushing. Against SM +2 or less.
Trunk (11): 2d crushing. Reach C-3.
Tusks (11): 5d+6 crushing. Reach 1-2. Front only.

Traits: Bad Sight (Low Resolution); Discriminatory Smell; DR 5 (Tough Skin); Enhanced Move 1 (Ground Speed 8); Extra-Flexible Arm; Extra Legs (Four Legs); Ham-Fisted 1; Night Vision 2; No Depth Perception; One Arm; Peripheral Vision; Subsonic Hearing; Temperature Tolerance 5 (Cold); Weak Arm (½ ST); Wild Animal.
Skills: Navigation (Land)-12; Survival (Plains)-12.

Female M. primigenius (8,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 40 (damage 4d+1 with trample, 2d−2 with trunk, 4d+5 with tusks), and DR to 4. Middle holocene males (10,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 43 (damage 5d−1 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 5d+4 with tusks), HT to 10, and DR to 4. Middle holocene females (6,000) reduce ST and HP to 36 (damage 4d−1 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 4d+3 with tusks), HT to 10, SM to +2 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 4.

Male M. subplanifrons or M. africanavus (18,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 52 (damage 6d−1 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 6d+5 with tusks). Females (11,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 44 (damage 5d−1 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 5d+4 with tusks) and DR to 4. All remove Temperature Tolerance (Comfort Zone 55°F to 110°F).

Male M. rumanus and M. meridionalis (23,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 57 (damage 6d+2 with trample, 3d−1 with trunk, 6d+8 with tusks), SM to +4 (9 hexes), and DR to 6. Females (14,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 48 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks). All remove Temperature Tolerance.

Male M. creticus (550 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 16 (damage 1d+1 with trample, 1d−4 with trunk, 1d+2 with tusks) and DR to 2. Females (330 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 14 (damage 1d with trample, 1d−4 with trunk, 1d+1 with tusks) and DR to 1. Both reduce SM to +0, maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and remove Temperature Tolerance.

Male M. trogontherii (24,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 58 (damage 6d+2 with trample, 3d−1 with trunk, 6d+8 with tusks) and DR to 6. Females (14,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 48 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks).

Male M. lamarmorai or M. exillis (2,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 27 (damage 3d−1 with trample, 1d−1 with trunk, 3d+2 with tusks) and DR to 3. Females (1,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 23 (damage 2d+1 with trample, 1d−2 with trunk, 2d+3 with tusks) and DR to 2. All reduce SM to +1 (2 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and remove Temperature Tolerance.

Male M. columbi (21,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 55 (damage 6d+1 with trample, 3d−2 with trunk, 6d+7 with tusks), SM to +4 (9 hexes), and DR to 6. Females (13,000 lbs.) use the same profile as M. primigenius males. Both reduce Temperature Tolerance to 2.

Mammutids

Mastodons had extremely stout builds, huge tusks on the upper jaw, and flat skulls. Their pelvis was very broad and their leg bones very thick. Although often pictured as hairy, there is little evidence to support this, and they may have had elephant-like skin with sparse hairs. The type species, Mammut americanum, was found throughout North America from the middle Pliocene to the late Pleistocene. During warm interglacial periods it lived as far north as Alaska and Greenland, but otherwise kept to the warmer south. Its ancestor M. raki was somewhat smaller and inhabited a similar area from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene. Several other species of mastodon lived in various regions of the continent until the late Pleistocene, most of them around the same size as M. raki. M. borsoni was a much larger animal which was found throughout Eurasia from the late Miocene to early Pleistocene. It isn’t clear whether it is actually a member of the mastodon genus, or a separate descendant of Zyglophodon. It had very small lower tusks as well as extremely long upper ones.

Mastodon by Heinrich Harder (1920).

Zyglophodon emerged in North Africa in the early Miocene, and spread into Eurasia and North America, before disappearing in the late Miocene. It had long upper tusks, small lower ones, and was probably the direct ancestor of the mastodon.

Mammut americanum

ST 52; DX 10; IQ 5; HT 13.
HP 52; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 4.00; Dodge 7; Move 3.
SM +4 (9 hexes), 18,000 lbs.

Trample (10): 6d−1 crushing. Against SM +2 or less.
Trunk (10): 2d+1 crushing. Reach C-2.
Tusks (10): 6d+5 crushing. Reach 1-2. Front only.

Traits: Bad Sight (Low Resolution); Discriminatory Smell; DR 5 (Tough Skin); Enhanced Move 1 (Ground Speed 6); Extra-Flexible Arm; Extra Legs (Four Legs); Ham-Fisted 1; Night Vision 2; No Depth Perception; One Arm; Peripheral Vision; Subsonic Hearing; Temperature Tolerance 2; Weak Arm (½ ST); Wild Animal.
Skills: Navigation (Land)-12; Survival (Woodlands)-12.

Female M. americanum (11,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 44 (damage 5d−1 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 5d+4 with tusks), SM to +3 (4 hexes), and DR to 4.

Male M. raki and similar species (15,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 49 (damage 5d+2 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 5d+7 with tusks) and SM to +3 (9 hexes). Females (9,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 42 (damage 4d+2 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 4d+6 with tusks), SM to +3 (4 hexes), and DR to 4.

Male M. borsoni (35,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 65 (damage 7d+1 with trample, 3d+1 with trunk, 7d+8 with tusks), SM to +4 (12 hexes), trunk reach to C-4, tusk reach to 1-5, and DR to 7. Females (21,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 55 (damage 6d+1 with trample, 3d−2 with trunk, 6d+7 with tusks) and DR to 6. Both reduce IQ to 4.

Male Zyglophodon (18,000 lbs.) reduce IQ to 4. Females (11,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 44 (damage 5d−1 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 5d+4 with tusks), IQ to 4, SM to +3 (4 hexes), and DR to 4.

Palaeoloxodon

Closely related to elephants and mammoths, this genus contains some of the largest and smallest species in the proboscidean order. All of them had two long straight tusks in their upper jaws and resembled bald mammoths or Asian elephants with sloping backs. Their heads were large and had a prominent brow crest which served to anchor the muscles needed to support them.

The first species was Palaeloxodon recki which lived in East Africa during the early pleistocene. From Africa, they spread into Europe and western Asia during the middle Pleistocene as P. antiquus 'the straight-tusked elephant', which lasted until the late Pleistocene on the mainland. Several dwarf species evolved on various mediterranean islands, such as P. xylophagou and P. falconeri on Sicily and Malta, P. cypriotes on Cyprus, and P. tiliensis on the Greek island of Tilos. Some of these survived into the Holocene. P. namadicus grew to immense size in the Indian subcontinent from the middle to late Pleistocene. P. turkmenicus lived in central Asia in the middle Pleistocene, while P. huaihoensis inhabited China from the middle to late Pleistocene. P. naumanni colonised Japan and shrank to fit into the island ecosystem.

Palaeoloxodon antiquus

ST 61; DX 11; IQ 5; HT 12.
HP 61; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 4.
SM +4 (10 hexes), 29,000 lbs.

Trample (12): 7d crushing.
Trunk (12): 3d crushing. Reach C-3.
Tusks (12): 7d+7 crushing. Reach 1-4. Front only.

Traits: Bad Sight (Low Resolution); Discriminatory Smell; DR 6 (Tough Skin); Extra-Flexible Arm; Enhanced Move 1 (Ground Speed 8); Extra Legs (Four Legs); Ham-Fisted 1; Night Vision 2; No Depth Perception; One Arm; Peripheral Vision; Short Arm; Subsonic Hearing; Weak Arm (½ ST); Weak Bite; Wild Animal.
Skills: Survival (Plains)-12; Swimming-12.

Females (17,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 51 (damage 6d−1 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 6d+5 with tusks), SM to +3 (9 hexes), maximum tusk reach to 3, and DR to 5.

P. recki, P. turkmenicus, and P. huaihoensis all use the same profile as P. antiquus.

Male P. namadicus (40,000 lbs.) increase ST and HP to 68 (damage 8d−1 with trample, 3d+1 with trunk, 8d+7 with tusks), SM to +5 (15 hexes), maximum trunk reach to 4, and DR to 7. Females (24,000 lbs.) decrease ST and HP to 58 (damage 6d+2 with trample, 3d−1 with trunk, 6d+8 with tusks).

P. creutzburgi and P. naumanni males (8,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 40 (damage 4d+1 with trample, 2d−2 with trunk, 4d+5 with tusks), SM to +3 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 2, and DR to 4. Females (5,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 34 (damage 3d+2 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 3d+5 with tusks), SM to +2 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 3.

Male P. xylophagou (2,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 25 (damage 2d+2 with trample, 1d−1 with trunk, 2d+4 with tusks), SM to +1 (2 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 3. Females (1,200 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 21 (damage 2d with trample, 1d−2 with trunk, 2d+2 with tusks), SM to +1 (2 hexes), maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 2.

Male P. cypriotes, P. falconeri, and P. tiliensis (550 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 16 (damage 1d+1 with trample, 1d−4 with trunk, 1d+2 with tusks), SM to +0, maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 2. Females (330 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 14 (damage 1d with trample, 1d−4 with trunk, 1d+1 with tusks), SM to +0, maximum reach with trunk or tusks to 1, and DR to 1.

Palaeomastodon

One of the earliest elephantimorphs, possibly an ancestor of the gomphotheres, the mammutids, or both. It lived in north-east Africa during the early Oligocene. It had a short trunk, sharp fang-like upper tusks, and scoop-like lower ones. Phiomia was a similar creature which inhabited the same region from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene.

Palaeomastodon by Heinrich Harder (1920).

Palaeomastodon

ST 37; DX 11; IQ 4; HT 12.
HP 37; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 6.
SM +3 (4 hexes), 6,500 lbs.

Fangs (11): 4d−9 impaling. Reach C.

Traits: Bad Sight (Low Resolution); Discriminatory Smell; DR 4 (Tough Skin); Extra-Flexible Arm; Extra Legs (Four Legs); Ham-Fisted 2; Night Vision 2; No Depth Perception; One Arm; Peripheral Vision; Short Arm; Subsonic Hearing; Weak Arm (½ ST); Weak Bite; Wild Animal.
Skills: Survival (Swampland)-12.

Female Palaeomastodon (4,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 33 (bite damage 3d−5), SM to +2 (3 hexes) and DR to 3.

Male Phiomia (1,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 23 (bite damage 2d−4). Females (1,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 20 (bite damage 2d−6). Both reduce SM to +1 (2 hexes), and DR to 2.

Stegodontids

A small family which diverged from the gomphotheres during the early Miocene and showed parallel evolution with elephants.

Stegodon had two long tusks projecting from its upper jaw which grew so close together that the trunk could not fit between them. They emerged in Asia during the late Miocene and lasted until the late Pleistocene. Mainland species such as S. zdanskyi, from China, and S. ganesa, from India, were large. Island species, such as S. aurorae, from Japan, S. florensis and S. sondaari, from Indonesia, tended to be smaller.

Stegolophodon was the likely ancestor of Stegodon. It retained tusks on the lower jaw and lived in East Asia during the Miocene.

Stegodon zdanskyi

ST 61; DX 12; IQ 5; HT 12.
HP 61; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 4.
SM +4 (10 hexes), 28,000 lbs.

Trample (12): 7d crushing.
Trunk (12): 3d crushing. Reach C-3.
Tusks (12): 7d+7 crushing. Reach 1-3. Front only.

Female S. zdanskyi (17,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 51 (damage 6d−1 with trample, 2d+1 with trunk, 6d+5 with tusks) and DR to 5.

Male S. ganesa (14,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 48 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks), SM to +3 (9 hexes), and DR to 5. Females (9,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 42 (damage 4d+2 with trample, 2d−1 with trunk, 4d+6 with tusks), SM to +3 (4 hexes), maximum reach with trunk and tusks to 2, and DR to 4.

Male S. aurorae (6,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 36 (damage 4d−1 with trample, 1d+1 with trunk, 4d+3 with tusks), SM to +3 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk and tusks to 1, and DR to 4. Females (3,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 30 (damage 3d with trample, 1d with trunk, 3d+3 with tusks), SM to +2 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk and tusks to 1, and DR to 3.

Male S. florensis (4,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 32 (damage 3d+1 with trample, 1d with trunk, 3d+4 with tusks) Females (2,500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 27 (damage 3d−1 with trample, 1d−1 with trunk, 3d+2 with tusks). Both reduce SM to +2 (3 hexes), maximum reach with trunk and tusks to 1, and DR to 3.

Male S. sondaari (850 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 19 (damage 2d−1 with trample, 1d−3 with trunk, 2d+1 with tusks). Females (500 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 16 (damage 1d+1 with trample, 1d−4 with trunk, 1d+2 with tusks). Both reduce SM to +1 (2 hexes), maximum reach with trunk and tusks to 1, and DR to 2.

Stegotetrabelodon

A possible descendant of the gomphophere Tetralophodon and ancestor of elephants and mammoths. It had four extremely long, straight tusks, two closely spaced on the lower jaw, and two diverging on the upper. It emerged in the Arabian Peninsula during the late Miocene, from there it spread into east and north Africa and survived until the early Pliocene.

Stegotetrabelodon

ST 58; DX 11; IQ 5; HT 12.
HP 58; Will 10; Per 10; FP 12; Speed 5.00; Dodge 8; Move 4.
SM +4 (10 hexes), 24,000 lbs.

Trample (12): 6d+2 crushing.
Trunk (12): 3d−1 crushing. Reach C-3.
Tusks (12): 6d+8 crushing. Reach 1-3. Front only.

Females (14,000 lbs.) reduce ST and HP to 48 (damage 5d+1 with trample, 2d with trunk, 5d+6 with tusks), SM to +3 (9 hexes), and DR to 5.